Zhenping, Henan Province - "Chinese Jade Capital"

Southwest of Henan, northwest of Nanyang Basin, south of Funiu Mountain, is home to a thousand-year-old city - Zhenping County, Henan Province. This small county called Niyang does not produce jade, but it is known as the "hometown of Chinese jade carvings", and it is also known as "Chinese jade capital". This phenomenon of "out of nothing" has become the most attractive and important element in the local area.

The author consulted the relevant information and learned that Zhenping County and Yujie were founded in Xia, and they were in Han and Tang Dynasties. They were fine in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and flourished in today's Ming and Qing Dynasties. In March 1975, archaeologists unearthed two knives in the Longshan cultural layer of the Ping Anguo site in the town to wear independent shovel, which is realistic and exquisite in craftsmanship. After being appraised by experts, it belongs to Xia Dynasty's works. From the perspective of cultural relics research, it was determined that Zhenping people had been engaged in jade carving processing more than 4,000 years ago.

According to Zhenping’s “County Records”, in the autumn of 1914, Nanyang’s guardian Wu Qingtong saw the jade carving products of local folk artist Yan Yongjia, and he was amazed. He sent him to bring more than 20 skilled workers to Nanyang, and carved the wishful hook. Snuff bottle, partial flower, jade archway, Fu Lushou Samsung, 18 Luohan, Shuangfeng Chaoyang and so on. These jade carving crafts were presented to the president of the World Trade Fair in Panama by Wu Qingtong after they were presented to the President of the Republic of China. They have attracted the attention of foreign merchants.

After the founding of New China, the development of jade carving industry in Zhenping County has successively experienced the era of state-run factory, self-employment era, market economy era, industrialization and park development. In the 1960s, in order to develop the handicraft economy, Zhenping County, Shifo Temple, Handan, Gaoqiu and other places have set up jade processing factories, which laid an important foundation for the development of Zhenping jade carving industry. After the reform and opening up, the jade industry entered the era of self-employment, and many masters began to open their own factories with apprentices. Since 1993, Zhenping International Jade Carving Festival has been held continuously in Zhenping County, especially after being upgraded to “Nanyang Jade Carving Festival in China” in 2002, which greatly enhanced the popularity and reputation and greatly promoted the development of the local jade carving industry. Zhenping presents the production and sales pattern of “Jade buys the world, jade sells the whole world”, and realizes the “Jade source world” to “Tianxia Yuyuan”, becoming the most complete distribution center of Chinese jade varieties, producing jade carving products, which are exported. More than 50 countries and regions such as Europe, America, Southeast Asia, Japan, and Germany.

The flourishing development of Zhenping jade carving industry has led many local people to join the jade carving industry. As long as there is a jade in China, there are people in this county, and there are more than ten "Jade Artisans, Nine Nanyang People". In 2008, Zhenping jade carving was included in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list.

In the jade carving craft, it also formed a unique "Wanpai style": while inheriting the traditional internal carving and openwork techniques, the Zhenping jade carving technique absorbed the strengths of the North and South Schools, and both the Beijing and Tianjin factions were bold and unconstrained. The slenderness of the Yuelu craftsmanship, the exquisiteness of the Suhang School, the vivid and realistic shape, and the fine carving.

In the selection of raw materials, Zhenping jade carvings include domestic famous jade, jade, jade, hetian jade, sapphire, etc., as well as foreign jade such as Afghan white jade, Canadian jasper, Russian white jade, Burmese jade, etc. Two series of ornaments, characters, flowers, birds and beasts, landscapes, furnaces, jewelry, tea sets and other ten categories. In terms of the number of products, ornaments account for more than 90% of the national products; pendants account for about 40% of the county's products; tea sets and wine sets are unique in the country.

In recent years, many jade carving works in Zhenping County have won awards in national awards such as “Tiangong Award”, “Hundred Flowers Award”, “Yuxing Award” and “Yuhua Award”. The number of awards has remained the first in the country for five consecutive years. It has become the "wind vane" that leads the development of Chinese jade carving craft. The works such as “Kowloon Rotating Flower Smoke” and “Hundred Years Dream” created by Ying Yingwen and Min Haizhou are now stored in the Great Hall of the People and the National Art Museum. They are known as the masterpieces of Zhenping Jade Culture.

Speaking of Zhenping people's love for the jade carving process, Gan Haiyan, executive vice president of Zhenping County Jade Culture Research Association, said in an interview with the media that Zhenping people formed from the original Jingyu, Aiyu, Yuyu, and jade processing. A certain mass processing base is inseparable from the geographical factors of Zhenping. Zhenping is located in the southwest of Henan Province, adjacent to the urban area of ​​Nanyang, with a total area of ​​1,500 square kilometers. Mountainous areas, hills and plains each account for 1/3. Since ancient times, there have been fewer people. The local people can't rely on farming for farming. live on. This background cultivates the commodity consciousness of Zhenping people, forming a long history of processing, and processing jade will follow the trend.

Gan Haiyan said that Zhenping formed a huge mass processing basis, and the exploration of the deep reasons was also inseparable from the five spirits of Zhenping people: the innovative spirit of “being born out of nothing”, the spirit of communication for the whole world, and the spirit of Confucianism in honest management. The fact-seeking spirit of hard work, smiling and welcoming the open spirit of the guests and friends. The five spirits are unique in the country and have become the deep reason for the gradual development and growth of the jade carving industry.

There is a long way to go, and the wind is on the right side. Nowadays, Zhenping is aiming to create “Chinese Jade Capital” and accelerate the creation of a national jade culture industry demonstration park integrating jade original stone sales, jade carving production and processing, jade carving boutique exhibition and jade culture research and communication. The author believes that with the active efforts of local party committees and governments, Zhenping jade culture industry will certainly write a more brilliant chapter.

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