Residential area outdoor lighting design

Residential area outdoor lighting design (Zhejiang Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute Hangzhou 310007) Lighting and other lighting options and layout, power supply control, electrical security and other residential areas, outdoor lighting can be divided into functional lighting-based lighting And the decorative lighting that assists the landscaping effect, the two functions are mutually infiltrated and cannot be divided; at the same time, the electrical safety of the outdoor lighting can not be ignored; therefore, when designing the outdoor lighting, the overall concept should be grasped from the functional of the lighting. , comprehensive analysis of landscaping and safety, unified planning, in order to design a high level of outdoor lighting works...

1 The main road of residential area road lighting residential area has the characteristics of mixed people and vehicles, low speed, low traffic flow and relatively narrow road surface. Therefore, the control of glare is lower than that of urban traffic trunks. There are many buildings on both sides of the street. It is necessary to appropriately improve the illumination on both sides of the road, so it is often used in a semi-cut type or open and difficult light distribution. According to the height of the roadside buildings, the height of the pole should be 4~8m, the spacing is 20~30m, taking into account the uniformity and economy of light distribution, the average illumination can be about llx; the same side cloth is often used, the corner can be appropriate Increase the density of the lamp, increase the height of the pole, and enhance the inductivity; the horizontal struts of the street light should extend from 0.6 to 1.0 m, and should not be irradiated in the middle of the road to avoid the long and narrow fluctuations in the rainy road surface. When the elevation angle of the lamp is large, the illumination of the roadway is high, which is conducive to driving safety, but the illumination of the sidewalk is reduced, which is not conducive to glare control. After comprehensive consideration, the elevation angle is often taken. In addition, although the focus of road lighting lies in the visibility, its landscaping The role can not be ignored, therefore, the form, height, light color and illumination of the luminaire should be fully coordinated with the surrounding buildings and the outdoor environment to avoid damaging the overall effect of the lighting.

Traditional street light sources, such as incandescent lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, etc. are often used. Incandescent lamps, due to their low efficiency, are not conducive to energy conservation and should be used to a minimum. High-pressure mercury has low light efficiency, short life and poor color. Head. Mercury leakage after damage causes environmental pollution, generally not recommended; high-pressure sodium has high light efficiency and long life, high resolution, strong fog permeability, is one of the most suitable light source for street lighting, but its light color and color rendering Poor, road lighting in residential areas that often serve as pedestrian commercial streets should be restricted; metal halides have high efficiency, long life, good light color, and high color rendering index. The comprehensive index is very good, but in the past due to traditional inductive The golden meat 'light ballast has many accessories, large volume, low power factor and unstable operation, which makes the superiority of the light source itself not fully exerted, and reduces the overall index of the r lamp. The use of metal halide lamps in residential areas has been limited for some time. With the maturity of metal halide lamp electronic ballast technology, the metal halide lamp with electronic ballast has a power factor of over 98%, which is almost unaffected by the change of mains voltage, and the environmental adaptability is greatly enhanced. It works normally in an environment with a temperature of -30* and a humidity of no more than 98%. Secondly, the appearance of a ceramic metal halide lamp further enhances the light color stability of the gold source, making it the preferred source of light for outdoor road lighting in residential areas. Clear the last road.

Fang Yili, graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, engineer planning and design 2 garden lighting In recent years, residential areas have been designed as garden-style outdoor environments. Therefore, garden lighting plays an important role in residential lighting, both to help the landscape and even to help The role of the landscape is the full expression of the function of the outdoor lighting decoration, and the elimination of the blind corner of the lighting, facilitating people's activities and reducing the role of crime. It is the organic composition and extension of the function of the visual vision: the garden is a place for residents to take a walk outside. The stress is easy, comfortable and safe. Therefore, the garden lighting is mostly low-key treatment, and the overall illumination should be low and not high. The common forms are as follows: 2.1 Garden Trail Lights Garden Trail Lights Generally, the illumination is 5~10k. It is advisable to take about 201x roads with more pedestrians and more emphasis on traffic functions. The garden trail lights are of Chinese nationality, Western Europe, Japan and other styles. When selecting the type, we must pay attention to the harmony with the style of the surrounding buildings. The shape is simple and artistic without luxury, which is in line with the characteristics of the residential area. Attention should be paid to controlling glare. The height of the light source is selected according to the road width and the height of the surrounding buildings, usually. 6~1.2 times the width of the road, but it should not be higher than 3.5m. Under the premise of satisfying the safety of pedestrians, the small-diameter lamp should reduce the illumination as much as possible. The installation distance of the lamps is small, often 15~25m, giving a quiet and comfortable feeling. In the past, most of these lamps used incandescent light sources. However, due to the short life and low light efficiency of incandescent lamps, it is recommended to use low-power metal halide lamps or other high-efficiency and high-color-developing light sources. High-color fluorescent lamps can also be used in the south. However, it is not applicable to areas with low outdoor temperatures in winter.

In addition, when the installation height of the lamp is less than 2.5m, in order to avoid glare as much as possible, it is preferable to use opal glass or frosted glass lamps.

2.2 Plant floodlights Plant floodlights are usually two kinds of lawn lights and tree floodlights. The proper use of nighttime atmosphere can be adjusted in residential areas, but attention should be paid to the use of them. Avoid excessive or excessive light to avoid damaging the static. The rest environment is to maintain the wide atmosphere of the lawn. The lawn lamp is generally installed 4~70cm from the ground. The maximum height should not exceed lm. The spacing should be 3.5~5.0 times the height of the light source. The installation should pay attention to avoid the glare. When installing near the road near the lawn, you should pay attention to concealment, or choose artistic lamps to decorate, so that the lamps themselves can be integrated into the landscape. When applied, the halo can be used to form rhythmic patterns to avoid a uniform and flat feeling. Some lawn lights also have a background music horn to make people feel more relaxed when they walk on the lawn.

In addition, the floodlights can be used to illuminate the trees. Considering the beauty of the daytime, the floodlighting fixtures should generally be installed at the ground level. When conditions permit, the trees can be concealed, but should be placed under evergreen trees.

Considering the characteristics of the residential area, it is generally not necessary to illuminate the higher position of the tree. If it is necessary for the overall environment, it is necessary to install a light pole to install the luminaire next to the tree instead of installing it directly on the tree raft. So as not to affect the growth of trees. Old and famous trees and old trees often become the focus of floodlighting. When designing the lighting, the number and spacing of the lamps should be carefully calculated. The angle of the lamp head should be carefully adjusted during installation. The overall lighting environment should be bright and dark, which constitutes a rich sense of three-dimensionality and layering, and avoids the occurrence of glare in the eyes of pedestrians.

Plant floodlights often use mercury light source, which not only saves energy, but also makes the color of trees and lawns more green and bright. In order to reduce the seasonal maintenance workload, the lighting of residential flower beds is rare. If there is application, it should be Pay attention to the use of high color light sources, such as halogen lamps, metal halide lamps or new fluorescent lamps.

2.3 Garden chandeliers can be used for single-sided projection or multi-face illumination; the luminaires can be placed on the ground or underground, or fixed on the poles. According to the specific shape and focus of the essays, the position and arrangement of the illumination points are arranged. Choose light color, light intensity, adjust projection angle, projection surface, etc., to create vivid contour effects and highlights through shadows and different brightness. Since the overall ambient illumination of the residential area is not high, the illumination of the essays need not be too high, so that satisfactory results can be obtained, and attention should be paid to minimizing the effects of glare. To put it simply, it is necessary to clarify the main body of the essay and not to disrupt the coordination of the overall environment of the community. This is the basic design principle of essay lighting.

2.4 Waterscape lighting installations are equipped with floodlights in the still water or slow-flowing water. The direct light source is used to illuminate the water surface, and the water surface reflection is used to reflect the near-side scenery, which can achieve a pleasing and comfortable effect. When the wind blows, it can also be different. Brightness continuously changes the dynamic effect of the waterscape. Since the overall environment of the residential area is relatively dark, the illuminance of the luminaire should not be too high. It is suitable for 30751x. At the same time, the luminaire should pay attention to reasonable layout to avoid strong glare in the human activity area.

Stronger dynamic water features such as fountains and waterfalls are less used in residential areas, but are sometimes seen in central squares and the like. For fountain lighting, the floodlighting fixture can be installed behind the spout or under the water flow drop point. Due to the different refractive index of air and water, the light will produce secondary refraction when entering and exiting the water column, and the magnificent color will also show the scattered water. The beads produce a sparkling effect. For waterfalls, the luminaire should be installed in the lower part of the water flow, and select the appropriate power of the flood light according to factors such as waterfall drop, flow and water thickness. For stepped water flow, a linear light source should be installed at the bottom of each step.

Waterscape lamps are generally available with a halogen-tungsten light source. Using their continuous spectrum, the light is reflected or refracted by the water to produce a colorful effect. The use of lamps should pay attention to waterproof performance.

3 Outdoor lighting power supply and control mode The main road lighting and safety lighting should be led by two adjacent transformers to attract two low-voltage power supplies, and switch at the end of the control room to enhance the reliability of power supply, facilitate residents and reduce crimes; road lighting can be used The three-phase cable is powered and separated by a commutation method to avoid a complete interruption of the road illumination due to a loop failure.

The outdoor lighting control equipment is located in the property management center or the concierge, and the large residential area can also be set in the open air. Road lighting should be automatically switched by the time controller to save energy. The garden lighting can be controlled in the same way or manually by the manager. Outdoor lighting should be able to automatically or manually turn off some non-critical lights late at night to save energy.

4 Outdoor lighting electrical safety (1) The outdoor lighting device is exposed to wind, rain, day and dust. Before being exposed to the public, it is vulnerable to the destruction of unrelated persons or animals such as children. It is usually required that the equipment protection level is not lower than IP33. Outdoor lighting The coverage is large, the base of the lamp is small, and it usually does not have the favorable conditions for equipotential bonding. Therefore, in addition to special dangerous places such as fountains and swimming pools, equipotential bonding is generally not performed. At this time, if a ground fault occurs, the risk is high; when the TN grounding system is used, the PE wire drawn from the power source may also transmit the fault voltage elsewhere to the outdoor lighting device casing, posing a danger. Therefore, the outdoor lighting system should not adopt the TN grounding system, but it is recommended to use the TT grounding system. The leakage current protector is installed at the first end of the circuit, and the operating current is not more than 30 mA. For the floodlights, essay lights, waterscape lights, etc. Outdoor lighting, temporary power failure will not cause danger, leakage protector can act to cut off the loop power switch; and for the main road lighting in large residential areas, or outdoor lighting fixtures with crime prevention function, avoid full-circuit blackout The circuit leakage protector should only act on the alarm. At this time, it is recommended to install a small-capacity fuse in each lamp junction box to protect the over-current and ground fault. For the TT system, the protection characteristics are required. For a few high-end residential areas, it is also possible to install a leakage protection switch for each lamp. The effect is very good, but the economy is poor, and the requirements for property management are high. The design should be cautious.

(2) Waterscape lighting has a very high requirement for protection against electric shock. Waterscape safety areas such as fountains can be divided into zones, zones 1, and zones.

The most essential measure for the protection against electric shock of waterscape is the equipotential bonding, that is, the conductive parts of all the device casings in the protection zone (~2 zone) are connected with the protection wires of the exposed conductive parts located in these zones, and pass through the total grounding terminal. The grounding device is connected, and the grounding resistance is generally required to be not less than lft. The specific components of the equipotential such as: the exposed metal parts of the structure such as the pool and the internal steel bars, the metal outer frame or member, the metal fence or the net cover, the metal water supply and drainage port, the lighting fixture And metal casings and components of electric appliances such as pumps, wire protection steel pipes, cable metal armor layers, etc.

Electrical equipment such as lamps in the water feature area shall have a protection level not lower than IPX8 (Zone 0) or IPX4 (Zone 1 or Zone 2). When installed in Zone 0, it should be powered by a safe ultra-low voltage (SELV) with a nominal voltage not exceeding 12V; in Zone 1, it can be powered by SELV or n-stage (reinforced or double insulated) Use electrical appliances. In the 2 zone, the electric appliance can be n-level structure; the I-level structure can also be used, but the leakage protection switch with the operating current not more than 30 mA should be installed; the power supply by the isolation transformer is another feasible option. Illuminators such as garden lamps and street lamps should be installed outside the 2nd district as much as possible. When they cannot be avoided, the above requirements should also be met.

When the waterscape lamp adopts the photoelectric integrated lamp, the safety requirements are high, the equipment is large, and the maintenance and management work is large. Due to the low brightness of the lighting background in residential areas, fiber optic lighting can also achieve satisfactory results. The optical fiber is used as a medium for contacting the light-emitting point (electrical part of the light source) and the light-emitting point (light-emitting part), and the electrical part of the light source can be set in a safe area outside the 2 area as needed to ensure electrical safety of the lighting. In addition to the advantages of good safety, fiber-optic lighting also has the characteristics of good energy saving, convenient installation and control, etc., by adopting measures such as adding a color wheel or a filter to the light-emitting point, the purpose of randomly changing the color of the light spot can be achieved. Therefore, residential area water lighting should promote the use of fiber optic lighting.

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